Governor



GOVERNOR Filed Fb. 27, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 b S wm. mm e l. s N W. L wmf. m Nw M if@ N5 r uw w Q mw Q Q QSIQ .Ne Q nm .mw @n nw W f f m m A Om.om no. mw G Ow n mK Nm m .E m Nl ,.f/ Nk mm. n V a m I o? m Tm W l# L ,xn l u@ xm Q m mm n W v 2|' March 13, 1945. G. F. DRAKE GOVERNOR FiledFeb. 27, 1942 n 2, sheets-sheet 2 I @ya-Jul T-ro my@ Patented Mar. 143,1.945l

UNITED STAT-Es PATENT orsi-'cs GOVERNOR George Forrest Drake. Rockford,lll., assignor to Wood a corporation of Illinois ward Governor Company,Rockford, Ill..

' Application February 21. 1942, serial No. 432,519 11 claims. (on.264-4) Arms I6 on the tlyballs bear-upwardly against the lower race ringil of a thrust bearing having balls i8 supporting an upper ring I9 whichabuts against a shoulder 20 on a rod 2i reciprocable in a bore 22 of thesleeve it and carries an enlarged head or piston 23 at its lower endcooperating withA sleeve ports 2t which have a diameter substantiallythe same as the length 'ofthe piston. The valve thus formed controls theow or pressure iuid or oil through a groove 2B around the sleeve and apassage 2t leading to the lower end of a vertical cylinder 2l on the lside of the casing opposite the valve structure.

with the movable, element or the servo actuator.

A further object isto arrange the receiving piston of an-hydrauliccompensating mechanism within the-servo piston. v

Still another object is to -provide a novel arrangement of springs formodifying the governor action and for restoring normal speed of theprime mover.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent fromthe following detailed description taken in connection with `theaccompanying drawings, in which4 Figure l'is a vertical centralsectional view of a governor constructed in accordance with the presentinvention.

Figa-2, 3. l4. and 5 are sections taken respectively along the lines 22, 3 3, Land 5-6 of Fig. 1fV

While the invention is susceptible' of various modiiications andalternative constructions, l have shown in the drawings and will hereindescribe in detail the preferred embodiment. It

is to be understood, however, that I do not intend to vlimit theinvention by' such disclosure but aim to covervall modliicatlons andalternative constructions falling within the spirit and scope 7 of theinvention asjexpressed in the appended claims.

:In thegovernor shown. vfor purposesoi illusv tration all of theoperating parts are housed in? A piston 28 reclprocates in this cylinderand cooperates therewith to form a, servomotor for varlably positioninga throttle rod '2t or other device by which the speed oi the engine isregu lated. Herein the upper end 3d of the servo piston bears againstcurved surfaces 3i on the biiurcated end of a crank 32 fast on ahorizontal rockshaft 33 which is journaled intermediate its endsin aplug 36 which threads through one side of the casing t. The shaft may heconnected to the throttle rod through a crank 3b on the outer shaft end,a spring 29a which acts on! the rod providin j the loading necessary tobalance the hydraulic forces.

Pressure fluid is supplied by a pump 3B pretera-bly comprising gearsland 38 disposed in a recess l89 in a plate I0 clampedvagainst the casingbottom, the gear 3l being splinedon the drive sleeve I3. 011 suppliedunder pressure by the pump is delivered through .a passage il to a`horizontal passage 42 surrounding an external groove 43 formed in thesleeve I3 above the groove 25. The pump inlet is adapted to communicatewith an oil supply line 44 through a 7hole 45 in a sleeve 46 connectedat its outer end to the lline u with its inner end projecting into theypassage 42. When an excessive ysupply of pressure' develops. a Pistonll in the sleeve is shifted against'a, spring I8 to uncover a. port I9and permit the by-passoi oil to the pump inlet.

a casing I usually mounted on the prlme mover `to be controlled andhaving a tubular extension 1 at its upper open end which is closed by acover 8. -Chanses in the prime mover speed are detected by upstandlngweights or nyballs l piv.

.'oted' on horizontal pins 'Il on a head Il whichl vrests on aledge' l!ofthe casing. The head is In this Awayfthe oil inthe passage 42 ismaintained :atY constant pressure.

"mel tendency `of the urbain colin the pact valve rod i's"counteractedby a main speeder spring il o! truste-conical shape acting betweenintegral with the upper end oi a sleeve iournaled 'in a vertical bore Ilwith its lower `splined,

end Il projecting from the casing bottgmfior' connection with azsultabledrive driven by theoualne. y -i aiwa'sher non Athe upper end ofthe valverod :band across-headfllf'suided in vertical ways illon' the casingsidewalls. Adjustment of the 'speeder spring stress is effected hereinby vturning knurled head Il otra `screw Il; threading into a boss on thecasing and bearing at its inner 'endagainst a lug It on a crank. Thelatter is swung downwardly by the screw.

The present invention contemplates the provision of mechanismself-contained within the,

servo element 28 and responsive to the movement thereof to derive theforces necessary to impart a temporary speed droop characteristic to thegovernor. Herein, this mechanism operates hydraulically and includes acompensating receiving piston 82 slidablein a cylinder 83 formed byconstructing the servo piston as a hollow sleeve. I'he transmittingoractuating piston comprises a plug 64 closing thelower end o! the servopiston sleeve 28. The plunger 82 has a hollow stem 85 with anenlargement 88 guided inthe cylinder 83 and fluted longitudinally asindicated at`81to permit oi' the free flow of oil upwardly from thechamber 88 between the enlargement and the plunger 82.`

Small clearance is provided between an inturned flange 88 on the upperend oi' the sleeve 28 and the portion of the piston rod which projectsfrom the sleeve. By iltting the servo piston or sleeve 28 loosely intothe cylinder ,21, oil from thejpressure chamber 28 leaks upwardly alongthe piston and ilows through holes 18 Vin thesleeve to keep the chamber68 filled at all times.

The plunger 82 cooperates with the cylinder 88 and the plug 88 to definea chamber 1I whichv is closed except for leakage through an axial bore18 in the stem 85 as permitted by a needle valve 12 .to control thecompensation or restoring action. Preferably. though not necessarily,the

valve is incorporated in the enlarged upperend of plunger stem 88 in amanner to permit leakfrom the chamber 1l through the conage to andsupported on a block 88 clamped by a b olt 88 to a bracket 81 on thecasing section 1 (see Figs. 3 and 4). The bolt projects through a slot88 in the bracket paralleling the lever so that the block may be set atdiilerent positions along the slot to vary the spacing of the pivots 88and 82 and therefore the ratio of motion transmission from .the piston82 to the spring 11.

To provide for etlective return of the lever 8i to its neutral positionwhile permitting the auxiliary spring 11 to exert an eiect which issmall as compared to the main spring 88, a second spring 88 is arrangedto act on the lever 8|I at a point adjacent the stem 88. YThis spring issubstantially stronger than the spring 11 and also acts in tension orcompression, having one end fastened to a block- 88 pivoted at 8| on thelever and its lower end attached to a cross-bar 82 which is fastenedtointegral ledges 82 on the casing.

Operation When the governor' has attained equilibrium, the parts will bepositioned as shown in Fig. l, the chamber 88 being filled with oil byleakage up 'past the servo piston and through the holes 18. 'Ihere willbe no pressure in thechambers 88 and 1i, and the springs 11 and 88exertno force on the lever 8l, the speed setting of the governor beingthen determined solely'by the spring 88.

First assume that the load .on the engine increases resulting in adecrease in speed. In response to this the ilyballs 8 move in droppingthe stantly illled chamber 88 and at the same time be accessible 'forconvenient adjustment.` To this end, the valve comprises a needle 13projecting into an oriiice 18 at the end of a passageway 1 8 drilled inthe enlargement 88 and communicat.

ins with the chamber 88; At its upper end, the

passage joinsthe passage 18 extending axially through the stem 88 andcommunicating with the chamber 1|.` The needle is on a screw 11 .thatthreads into a bore in the enlarged projecting -DOrtion of the stem atsuch an angle that the screw head is accessible for adjustment from a'-point exteriorly of 4the servo piston 28.

A novel means is provided for transmitting to the governor pilot valvethe forces derived by motio iston 82 as to roduce s d n of the p so ppee .downwardly by the combined tensile forces of droop and thencompensate therefor so as to renderthe droop only temporary. This meansincludes an auxiliary spring 11 acting in parallel with the main speederspring 88 to either increase or decrease the loading of the ilyballsaccording to thedirection and extent of movement Vof the compensatingreceiving piston 82 away from the neutral or equilibrium positionVshovwn the upper end of a rod 18 projecting up through the cross-head88 and the main spring with its lower end pinned to the upper end of thepilot valve stem 21. One end of the coil is fastened to the rod 18 whilethe other end is secured to a block 18 pivotally connected at 88 to ahorizontal lever 8i iulcrumed on a pin 82 disposedadjacent to thespring. The opposite end of theflever is connected by apivot pin 88 tothe upper end of the stem 88 of the receiving piston 82.' To pa'mit thelever ratio to be adjusted as desired. the pin vnisuisposeriin-a slet'um theleverandis pilot valve piston 28 below the ports 24 so as to admitpressure fluid to the chamber 28. This raises the servopiston 28 andthrough the crank 82 rocks the shaft 88 to shift the rod 28 and increasethe throttle opening. At the same time,

the receiving plunger 82 is raised with the servo piston because thevalve 12 blocks the rapid escape of fluid from the'chamber through thepasv sages 18 and 18. The lever 8l is thus raised away from its neutralposition and the springs 11 and 88 extended correspondingly. The spring11, being now under tension, counteracts the eil'ect of the spring 88and in effect reduces the speed setting of the governor so as to permitrecentering oi' the pilot valve plunger 28 relative to the ports 28' ata lower engine speed thereby producing speed ldroop and preventinghunting. AWhen the valve becomes rqcentered andthe servo piswn 28 I isbrought to rest, the plunger 82 will be urged the two springs 11 and 88,theoil in the chamber 1|v thus being placed under pressure. This oil ispermitted to leak out into the chamber 88 l through 'the passage 18, theneedle valve 12 and the passage 18 so that the plunger 82 and the lever8l are permitted to move downward gradually. As an incident to this, thespeed setting of the governor is increased progressively so that theservo piston 28 moves to increase the throttle setting still further.This compensating action continues until the original speed setting ofthe governor has been restored which occurs when, byleakage of oilthrough the valve 12, the lever '8i and the plunger 82 have beenrestored to their neutral position with the servo piston and thethrottle in their new positions which correspond tothe increased load.The result of this compensating action is that the speed droop initiallyproduced inv response to the speed change in order to secure stabilityof engine operation is dissi- Ilmd gradually and the initial speedsetting of the governor is restored regardless of the servol positionand therefore the load on the engine.

In response to overspeeding of the engine, the action above described isreversed. That is, the pilot valve plunger 23 is raised permitting iiuidin the chamber 26 to escape through the drain passage 95 with aconsequent lowering of the servo piston land a decrease in throttleopening. As an incident to this,.the plunger 62 follows because theneedle valve restricts the uid flow fromthe chamber 68 to the chamber1I. Thus, the springs 'Il and 89 are compressed and the governor speedsetting increased correspondingly. Under vthe influence of springeiects, the plunger 62 is raised relative to the servo piston aspermitted by the now of oil through the valve 12 into the chamber 'Ilwith the result that the throttle opening is gradually reduced untilequilibrium is again restored under the new load condition. The needlevalve is of course adjusted to permit the springs to recenter the pilotvalve in exact unison with the return of the engine speed to normal.

It will be observed that by adjusting the position of the lever fulcrum82, the magnitude of the temporary speed droop and therefore thestability of the governor maybe changed as desired. Also, the action ofthe auxiliary spring 'll is not in any way influenced by thesupplemental return spring 89 which latter spring may therefore be asstrong as may be required in order to eifect proper recentering of thelever.

By arranging the compensating receiving plunger within the servo pistonand transmitting the droop and restoring Amotions to the pilot valve asabove described, extreme compactness is obtained, and the constructionas a whole is greatly simplified as compared to that of priorisochronous governors. Thus, the addition of the compensating featuredoes not complicate the construction of the main pilot valve nornecessitate the use of a special connection for driving the iyballs.Moreover, by applying both the speed droop and compensating connectionsto the upper end of the pilot valve stem and in parallel with the mainspeeder spring, all of the adjustments are made conveniently accessible.

I claim as my invention:

1. A governorV having, in combination, rotatably mounted, spring loadedflyballs, a servo actuator including a stationary cylinder and a pistonreciprocable therein, a pilotl valve actuated by said flyballs andoperable selectively to admit pressure fluid to said cylinder or permitthe escape of iluid therefrom, a second fluid lled cylinder closed atone end and disposed within said piston so as to move therewith, aplunger reciprocable in said second cylinder, a valve on said plungercontrolling the flow of uid into and out of the chamber between saidplunger and the closed end of said second cylinder, a lever swingable 1nopposite directions from a neutral position, an auxiliary springactuated by said lever to increase or decrease the loading on saidflyballs according to the direction ,of lever movement relative to saidneutralposition, means connectmg said lever to said plunger, and asecond spring acting between said lever and a xed point and urging thelever toward said neutral position.

2. A governor having, in combination, rotatable spring loaded yballs, aservo actuator including a stationary ,cylinder and a pistonreciprocable therein, a pilot valve actuated selectively by saidilyballs to admit pressure fluid to said cylinder or permit the escapeof nuidthereirom, a second 75 5 ber between said plungerand the closedend of said second cylinder, a lever swingable about a xed pivot inopposite directions from a neutral position, means connecting said lever`to said plunger, and means resiliently increasing or decreasing theloading of said flyballs according to the'direction and extent of levermovement away from said neutral position. Y

3. A governor having, in combination, rotary yballs, a main speederspring loading said ilyballs and selectively adjustable to vary thespeed setting of the governor, an auxiliary spring acting on said yballsto supplement the force of said main spring in opposing the centrifugalforce exerted on the ilyballs, an element connectedl to said auxiliaryspring` land movable in opposite directions -from a neutral position inwhich no force is exerted'by the spring, said element being movable inOpposite directions away from said neutral position to create forcesacting in opposite directions on said ilyballs, a member variablymovable in opposite directions in accordance with speed changes detectedby said ilyballs, compensating mechanism including a part initiallymovable with said member to actuate said element and stress saidauxiliary spring correspondingly and then to move reversely at acontrolled rate whereby to produce temporary speed droop, and asecondary spring means energized selectivelyy in accordance with thedirection of movement of said element out of said neutral position andassisting said auxiliary spring in moving the element reversely to saidneutral position.

4. An isochronous governor having, in combination, an axially shiftablerod, spring loaded 4o flyballs rotatable around said rod and acting onthe rod intermediate the ends thereof to shift the rod in oppositedirections with opposite speed changes, a power actuated member, controlmeans associated with one end of said rod and operable to control theapplication of power to said member to vcause movement thereof inaccordance with the rod movement, spring means acting on the oppositeend of said rod, and compensating mechanism actuated in response tomovement of ysaid power .actuated member and operable tov variablystress said spring means so as to impart a temporary speed droopcharacteristic to said governor.

5. A governor having, in combination, a rotary head carrying yballs, amain speeder spring coiled about theaxis of saidheadand acting on saidiiyballs, a pilot valv'e on the opposite side of said head including astem having an end projecting through said head and said coiled myspring, an auxiliary speeder spring acting on said projecting end andadapted to vbe stressed selectively to increase or decrease the loadingof said ilyballs, an hydraulic actuator energized selec- Y tivelyunderfthe control of said valve and having 55ra movable speed regulatingmember, and mechanism responsive to the movement of said member andoperable to vary the stress of said auxiliary spring and imparttemporary speed droop to said governor.

6. An isochronousk governor having, in combination, spring loaded rotaryyballs, a lever swingable about a normally fixed fulcrum, spring meansconnected between said lever and said yballs and being normally inactivewhen said lever is disposed in a predetermined neutral post.

tion, said spring means operating bymovement of the lever in oppositedirections away from said position to respectively increase and decreasethe loading of said ilyballs, a second spring means connected betweensaid lever and a iixed point and acting in the same direction as saidrst mentioned spring means to urge said lever toward said neutralposition, and compensating mecha.- nism actuating said lever to impart atemporary speed droop characteristic to the governor.

7. An isochronous governor having, in combination, spring loaded rotaryyballs, a lever swingable about a normally fixed fulcrum, spring meansconnected between said lever and said flyballs and being normallyinactive when said lever said spring means operating by movement of thetion to respectively increase and decrease the loading of said yballs, asecond spring means connected between said lever and a xed point andacting in the same direction as said iirst mentioned vspring means tourge said lever toward said neutral position,y compensating mechanismactuating said lever to impart a temporary speed droop characteristic tothe governor, and means by which the eiective ratio of said lever may bevaried to adjust the stability of the governor.

8. An isochronous governor having, in combination, spring loaded rotaryyballs, a lever swingable about a normally xed fulcrum in oppositedirections from a predetermined neutral position, spring means connectedbetween said tive when the lever is in said'neutral position, saidspring means being energized by movement of the lever in oppositedirections away from said neutral position to respectively increase anddecrease the loading of said flyballs, and compensating mechanism actingon said lever to energize said spring means and cause the latter to saidgovernor.

9. A governor having, in combination, rotary yballs, spring meansexerting a force acting on said fiyballs to oppose the centrifugal forcethereon, a servo actuator including a stationary cylinder and a pistonreciprocable therein, a pilot valve actuated by said flyballs andoperable selectively to admit pressure iluid to said cylinder or permitthe escape of fluid therefrom, a second iluid filled cylinder closed atone end and movable with said piston, a plunger reciprocable in saidsecond cylinder, a valve controlling the flow of uid into and out of thechamber between said plunger and the closed end of said second cylinder,said second cylinder, said plunger and said is disposed in apredetermined neutral position,A

' ber away from said neutral position and applying lever in oppositedirections away from said posi lever and said flyballs and beingnormally lnacimpart a temporary speed droop characteristic to a force tothe latter to urge the member back toward said neutral position.

- l0. A governor having, in combination, rotary spring loaded ilyballs,a servo actuator including a stationary cylinder and a pistonreciprocable therein, aA pilot valve actuated by said flyballs andoperable selectively to admit pressure fluid to said cylinder or permitthe escape of iluid therefrom, a member movable in opposite directionsfrom a neutral position, an auxiliary coiled spring alined' with therotational axis of said ilyballs and having opposite ends connected tosaid member and said ilyballs whereby to add to or subtract from theloading on said flyballs according to the direction of movement of themember relative to said neutralv position, and means connecting -saidmember to said piston including adashpot having a leak valve forby-passing fluid to permit dissipation of the energy imparted to saidspring and restoration of said member to said neutral position followinga change in the position of said piston.

11. A governor having, in combination, rotary iiyballs, spring meansexerting a force opposing the centrifugal force acting on said lyballs,a servo actuator including a stationary cylinder and a pistonreciprocable therein, a pilot valveI adapted to leak and permitdissipation of the said member to energy imparted to said spring andrestoration of said neutral position. K GEORGE FORREST DRAKE.

